Pa Julayi 11, msonkhano wa Sino US Exchange pa Mafuta Oyera a Magalimoto ndi Kupewa Kuwonongeka kwa Air unachitika ku Beijing. Pamsonkhanowo, akatswiri oyenerera ochokera kumakampani amafuta amafuta aku US ndi akatswiri aku China oteteza zachilengedwe adagawana zomwe adakumana nazo pamitu monga kupewa komanso kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, komanso luso lokwezera mafuta a ethanol ku US.
Chai Fahe, yemwe kale anali wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, ananena kuti m’zaka zaposachedwapa, malo ambiri ku China akhala akukumana ndi vuto loipitsidwa ndi chifunga. M'chigawochi, Beijing Tianjin Hebei ndi dera lomwe lili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la mpweya.
Liu Yongchun, wofufuza wina wa bungwe la Ecological Environment Research Center la Chinese Academy of Sciences, ananena kuti pofufuza zimene zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ku China, anapeza kuti zizindikiro za kuipitsidwa kwa munthu aliyense n’zosavuta kufika pamlingo umenewo. koma zizindikiro za tinthu tating'onoting'ono zinali zovuta kuzilamulira. Zomwe zimayambitsa zinali zovuta, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi kusintha kwachiwiri kwa zowononga zosiyanasiyana zinathandiza kwambiri kupanga chifunga.
Pakali pano, mpweya wa galimoto wakhala gwero lofunika kwambiri la mpweya woipa wa m'madera, kuphatikizapo carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons ndi nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) ndi mpweya wina woipa. Kutulutsa kwazinthu zowononga kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamafuta.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, zochitika za "photochemical smog" ku Los Angeles ndi malo ena ku United States zinatsogolera mwachindunji kulengeza kwa United States Federal Clean Air Act. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziko la United States linaganiza zolimbikitsa mafuta a ethanol. The Clean Air Act inakhala ntchito yoyamba yolimbikitsa mafuta a ethanol ku United States, kupereka maziko ovomerezeka a chitukuko cha biofuel ethanol. Mu 1979, United States inakhazikitsa "Ethanol Development Plan" ya boma la federal, ndipo inayamba kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakaniza omwe ali ndi 10% ethanol.
Mowa wa biofuel ndi wabwino kwambiri wopanda poizoni wa octane wowongola komanso okosijeni wowonjezeredwa ku mafuta. Poyerekeza ndi mafuta wamba, E10 Mowa petulo (petulo munali 10% biofuel Mowa) akhoza kuchepetsa PM2.5 ndi oposa 40% wonse. Kuwunika kwachilengedwe komwe kunachitika ndi dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe m'madera omwe mafuta a ethanol amakwezedwa kukuwonetsa kuti mafuta a ethanol amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri utsi wa carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates ndi zinthu zina zovulaza muutsi wagalimoto.
Lipoti la kafukufuku "The Impact of Ethanol Gasoline on Air Quality" lotulutsidwa pa Fifth National Ethanol Annual Conference linasonyezanso kuti Mowa ukhoza kuchepetsa PM2.5 yoyamba mu utsi wagalimoto. Kuwonjezera 10% mafuta Mowa kwa mafuta wamba magalimoto wamba akhoza kuchepetsa tinthu particles utsi ndi 36%, pamene mkulu umuna magalimoto, akhoza kuchepetsa tinthu particles utsi ndi 64.6%. Zopangira organic mu sekondale PM2.5 zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zili mumafuta amafuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito Mowa m'malo ena onunkhira mu petulo kumatha kuchepetsa utsi wachiwiri wa PM2.5.
Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta a ethanol amathanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwapoizoni monga madipoziti m'chipinda choyatsira cha injini zamagalimoto ndi benzene, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a otembenuza otulutsa mpweya.
Kwa biofuel ethanol, dziko lakunja lida nkhawa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu kungakhudze mitengo yazakudya. Komabe, James Miller, yemwe kale anali Mlembi Wachiwiri wa Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ya US ndi Wapampando wa Agricultural and Biofuel Policy Advisory Company, omwe adapezeka pamsonkhanowo, adanena kuti Banki Yadziko Lonse idalembanso pepala zaka zingapo zapitazo. Iwo adati mitengo yazakudya idakhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi mitengo yamafuta, osati mafuta amafuta. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito bioethanol sikungakhudze kwambiri mtengo wa zakudya.
Pakali pano, mafuta a ethanol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China amapangidwa ndi 90% mafuta wamba ndi 10% mafuta a ethanol. China yakhala ikulimbikitsa mafuta a ethanol kwa zaka zoposa khumi kuyambira 2002. Panthawiyi, China yavomereza mabizinesi asanu ndi awiri a ethanol kuti apange mafuta a ethanol, ndipo adayendetsa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yotsekedwa m'madera 11, kuphatikizapo Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui ndi Shandong. Pofika chaka cha 2016, dziko la China latulutsa matani pafupifupi 21.7 miliyoni amafuta amafuta a ethanol ndi matani 25.51 miliyoni a carbon dioxide ofanana.
Chiwerengero cha magalimoto ku Beijing Tianjin Hebei ndi madera ozungulira ndi pafupifupi 60 miliyoni, koma dera la Beijing Tianjin Hebei silinaphatikizidwe mu oyendetsa mafuta a ethanol.
Wu Ye, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa School of Environment of Tsinghua University, ananena kuti kunena moona mtima, ntchito Mowa petulo ndi chilinganizo wololera sikunapangitse kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu; Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta amafuta, mpweya woipa umasiyanasiyana, ukuchulukirachulukira komanso ukuchepa. Kukwezeleza kwa mafuta a ethanol omveka bwino ku Beijing Tianjin Hebei dera kuli ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuchepetsa PM2.5. Mafuta a ethanol amathanso kukumana ndi muyezo wamtundu 6 wamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2022