Mapangidwe apamwamba akunja amathandizira kukula kwamafuta a ethanol

Pakali pano, padziko lonse kwachilengedwenso mafuta Mowa ali linanena bungwe pachaka matani oposa 70 miliyoni, ndipo pali ambiri mayiko ndi zigawo kukhazikitsa bio-fuel Mowa. Kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa biofuel ku United States ndi ku Brazil kwafika matani 44.22 miliyoni ndi matani 2.118 miliyoni, ndikuyika pakati pa awiri apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikupitilira 80% yapadziko lonse lapansi. Makampani opanga mafuta a biofuel ethanol ndi makampani omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mfundo. Dziko la United States ndi Brazil pomaliza pake ayamba njira yoyendetsera msika kudzera pakuthandizira ndondomeko ya zachuma ndi misonkho komanso kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima, ndikupanga chitukuko chapamwamba.

Zochitika zaku America

Njira yaku America ndi kupanga biofuel ethanol kuti ikhazikitse malamulo ndi kutsata malamulo okhwima, ndipo mapangidwe apamwamba amaphatikizidwa ndi njira zonse zogwirira ntchito.

1. Malamulo. Mu 1978, dziko la United States linalengeza za "Energy Tax Rate Act" kuti achepetse msonkho wa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mowa wa biofurate ndikutsegula msika wa ntchito. Mu 2004, United States inayamba kupereka ndalama zothandizira kwa ogulitsa mafuta a ethanol, $ 151 pa tani pa tani. biofuel ethanol.

2. Kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima. Madipatimenti aboma monga dipatimenti ya Air Resources, Environmental Protection Bureau, ndi Taxation Bureau amatsatira mosamalitsa malamulo ndi malamulo oyenera, ndikuwongolera mabizinesi ndi okhudzidwa kuphatikiza opanga, malo opangira mafuta, olima chimanga. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa malamulo ndi malamulo ndi ndondomeko, United States yakhazikitsanso "Renewable Energy Standards" (RFS). Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States chaka chilichonse, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency limagwiritsanso ntchito "ndondomeko yamagetsi osinthika" (RIN) mulingo wotsimikizira kuti biofuel ethanol ikuwonjezedwa mu petulo.

3. Pangani mafuta a cellulose ethanol. Motsogozedwa ndi kufunika, pofuna kuonetsetsa kupezeka, m'zaka zaposachedwa, United States yapanga mfundo zopangira mafuta a cellulose ethanol.Bush akufuna kupereka ndalama zokwana $ 2 biliyoni m'boma lothandizira ndalama zamafuta a cellulose ethanol munthawi yake. Mu 2007, dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku United States idalengeza kuti ipereka $ 1.6 biliyoni pothandizira ndalama zamafuta a cellulose ethanol.

Ndi ndendende kudalira malamulo awa ndi malamulo ndi kachitidwe kachitidwe kuti dziko patsogolo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, linanena bungwe apamwamba mankhwala, bwino kwambiri linanena bungwe mankhwala, bwino kwambiri chitukuko, ndipo kenako anayamba njira ya msika-oriented chitukuko.

Zochitika zaku Brazil

Dziko la Brazil lakhazikitsa bizinesi yamafuta amafuta a ethanol kudzera muulamuliro wokhazikika pamsika wa "National Alcohol Plan" yapitayi kuti ikwaniritse msika.

1. "Njira Yadziko Lonse ya Mowa". Ndondomekoyi imatsogoleredwa ndi komiti ya Brazilian Sugar ndi ethanol ndi Brazilian National Petroleum Corporation, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana monga njira zamtengo wapatali, kukonzekera kwathunthu, kuchotsera misonkho, thandizo la boma, ndi malamulo a chiŵerengero kuti achitepo kanthu mwamphamvu ndi kulamulira kwachilengedwenso mafuta a ethanol. makampani. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomekoyi kwalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko a chitukuko cha mafakitale a biofuel ethanol.

2. Ndondomekoyi imachoka. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana latsopano, Brazil yachepetsa pang'onopang'ono zoyeserera, kutsitsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali, ndipo idagulidwa ndi msika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, boma la Brazil limalimbikitsa mwachangu magalimoto osinthika amafuta. mitengo yamafuta ndi mafuta amafuta amafuta a ethanol, potero kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wa bio-fuel.

Makhalidwe a chitukuko chamakampani aku Brazil amafuta amafuta amafuta a ethanol akhazikika pamsika.